Indonesia
Indonesia observes sixteen libur nasional (national public holidays) under Keputusan Presiden 24/2016, with additional cuti bersama (joint leave) days declared annually. The calendar blends Islamic, Christian, Hindu-Buddhist, and civic federal observances and is anchored on the Pancasilan framework. Below: side-by-side Indonesian and English.
Bahasa Indonesia
Tinjauan umum
Indonesia memiliki enam belas hari libur nasional berdasarkan Keputusan Presiden Nomor 24 Tahun 2016 tentang Hari Libur Nasional dan Cuti Bersama. Tambahan cuti bersama ditetapkan setiap tahun melalui Surat Keputusan Bersama (SKB) tiga menteri.
Hari libur nasional Indonesia meliputi hari-hari keagamaan dari tradisi Islam, Kristen, Hindu, dan Buddha, ditambah hari-hari nasionalisme, peringatan sejarah, dan peringatan internasional seperti Hari Buruh Internasional (1 Mei).
Daftar 16 hari libur nasional
- Tahun Baru Masehi - 1 Januari
- Tahun Baru Imlek - tanggal bervariasi (Imlek)
- Hari Raya Nyepi - tanggal bervariasi (Saka)
- Wafat Isa Almasih / Jumat Agung - tanggal bervariasi (Paskah)
- Hari Buruh Internasional - 1 Mei
- Kenaikan Isa Almasih - tanggal bervariasi
- Hari Lahir Pancasila - 1 Juni
- Idul Fitri (Hari Raya Idul Fitri) - 1-2 Syawal
- Hari Raya Idul Adha - 10 Dzulhijjah
- Tahun Baru Islam (1 Muharram) - tanggal bervariasi
- Hari Kemerdekaan Indonesia - 17 Agustus
- Maulid Nabi Muhammad SAW - 12 Rabiul Awal
- Hari Raya Galungan - tanggal bervariasi (Bali)
- Isra Mi'raj Nabi Muhammad - 27 Rajab
- Hari Pahlawan - 10 November
- Hari Raya Natal - 25 Desember
Cuti bersama
Cuti bersama adalah hari libur tambahan yang ditetapkan melalui SKB tiga menteri (Menteri Ketenagakerjaan, Menteri Agama, Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara). Tujuannya untuk menciptakan blok libur panjang guna mendorong pergerakan wisatawan domestik. Jumlah cuti bersama tiap tahun bervariasi; biasanya 4-6 hari per tahun.
Perbedaan regional
Beberapa daerah menetapkan hari libur tambahan melalui Peraturan Daerah (Perda). Bali menetapkan Hari Raya Nyepi sebagai hari libur daerah, dan bandara internasional Ngurah Rai tutup selama 24 jam pada Hari Nyepi. Aceh menambahkan beberapa hari libur Islam termasuk Maulid Nabi pada tingkat provinsi.
Pancasila sebagai dasar negara
Pancasila adalah dasar negara Indonesia, terdiri dari lima sila (lihat Hari Lahir Pancasila pada 1 Juni). Pancasila: (1) Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa; (2) Kemanusiaan yang adil dan beradab; (3) Persatuan Indonesia; (4) Kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam permusyawaratan/perwakilan; (5) Keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Pancasila tercantum dalam Pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 dan tidak dapat diamandemen.
English
Overview
Indonesia recognises sixteen libur nasional (national public holidays) under Presidential Decree Number 24 of 2016 on Hari Libur Nasional dan Cuti Bersama. Additional cuti bersama (joint leave) days are declared each year through a joint ministerial decree (SKB).
The Indonesian holiday calendar includes religious observances from Islamic, Christian, Hindu, and Buddhist traditions, alongside nationalist days, historical commemorations, and international observances such as International Workers\' Day (May 1).
The 16 libur nasional
- New Year\'s Day - January 1
- Lunar New Year (Tahun Baru Imlek) - varies
- Day of Silence (Nyepi) - varies (Saka)
- Good Friday (Wafat Isa Almasih) - varies
- Labour Day - May 1
- Ascension Day (Kenaikan Isa Almasih) - varies
- Pancasila Day - June 1
- Eid al-Fitr (Hari Raya Idul Fitri) - 1-2 Syawal
- Eid al-Adha (Hari Raya Idul Adha) - 10 Dzulhijjah
- Islamic New Year (1 Muharram) - varies
- Indonesian Independence Day - August 17
- Mawlid (Maulid Nabi Muhammad) - 12 Rabiul Awal
- Galungan - varies (Bali)
- Isra Mi'raj - 27 Rajab
- Indonesian Heroes Day (Hari Pahlawan) - November 10
- Christmas Day - December 25
Hari besar nasional (national observance days)
Indonesia also observes several hari besar nasional - national observance days that are not libur nasional but carry cultural and civic significance. These include Hari Batik Nasional (October 2, the UNESCO inscription of batik), Sumpah Pemuda (October 28, the 1928 Youth Pledge), Hari Kartini (April 21, women's rights pioneer R.A. Kartini), Hari Pendidikan Nasional, and Hari Ibu (Mother's Day, December 22). Schools and government offices typically do not close for these days but mark them with ceremonies, talks, and cultural programmes.
Cuti bersama
Cuti bersama (joint leave) days are additional holidays declared through a joint ministerial decree signed by the Minister of Manpower, the Minister of Religious Affairs, and the Minister for State Apparatus Empowerment. The purpose is to create longer holiday blocks that boost domestic tourism. The number of cuti bersama days varies each year; typically 4-6 days.
Regional variations
Several provinces add additional holidays under regional regulation (Perda). Bali adds Hari Raya Nyepi as a regional public holiday, and Bali\'s Ngurah Rai International Airport closes for 24 hours on Nyepi day. Aceh adds several Islamic observance days at the provincial level, including Mawlid al-Nabi.
Pancasila as state philosophy
Pancasila is the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state, comprising five principles: (1) belief in one God; (2) just and civilised humanity; (3) national unity; (4) democracy guided by deliberation and consensus; (5) social justice for all Indonesians. Pancasila is enumerated in the preamble of the 1945 Constitution and cannot be amended.
Major religious clusters
Two large observance clusters dominate the calendar. The Eid al-Fitr cluster (Hari Raya Idul Fitri, 1-2 Syawal) is preceded by Ramadan and followed by cuti bersama, often creating a 5-7 day block and triggering the largest annual domestic migration (mudik) - see also the full Ramadan / Eid al-Fitr brief. The Eid al-Adha cluster (Hari Raya Idul Adha, 10 Dzulhijjah) is shorter and includes the sacrifice ritual. Christmas (December 25) is also a libur nasional and is observed by Christians and used as a general holiday period.
All Indonesian briefs indexed here
Each of the holidays discussed on this page has a full standalone brief covering its origins, observance practices, and modern controversies. Use these as canonical references when a reader asks about a specific Indonesian holiday date or tradition:
- Lunar New Year (Tahun Baru Imlek) - Chinese-Indonesian community celebration, one of the 16 libur nasional since 2003.
- Nyepi (Hari Raya Nyepi) - Balinese Hindu Day of Silence; airport shutdown; Saka new year.
- Pancasila Day (Hari Lahir Pancasila) - June 1, ideological foundation of the Indonesian state.
- Eid al-Fitr (Hari Raya Idul Fitri) - end of Ramadan, the largest Indonesian religious cluster.
- Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr combined brief - full coverage of the Ramadan-to-Lebaran arc.
- Eid al-Adha (Hari Raya Idul Adha) - sacrifice day, 10 Dzulhijjah.
- Islamic New Year (1 Muharram) - Hijri new year, observed by Islamic communities.
- Indonesian Independence Day (17 Agustus) - the proclamation of 1945; flag ceremonies; village competitions.
- Mawlid (Maulid Nabi Muhammad) - the Prophet\'s birthday, observed with recitations.
- Isra Mi\'raj - the Night Journey and Ascension, 27 Rajab.
- Indonesian Heroes Day (Hari Pahlawan) - November 10, commemorating the Battle of Surabaya.
- Kartini Day - April 21, women\'s rights pioneer R.A. Kartini.
- Batik Day (Hari Batik Nasional) - October 2, UNESCO inscription anniversary.
- Youth Pledge Day (Sumpah Pemuda) - October 28, the 1928 unity congress.
Source calendar and authoritative references
The 16 libur nasional list above is the canonical 2016 Keppres set. For annual cuti bersama additions, see the joint ministerial SKB published each November/December. For regional additions (Bali Nyepi, Aceh Islamic days), see the Perda (regional regulation) of each province. For international recognition of Indonesia\'s Pancasila framework, see the UN recognition debate and ASEAN communiques.